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  SAFE STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE 🔹 Step 1 — Confirm sdb1 has no important data lsblk Make sure /dev/sdb1 is not mounted anywhere important. 🔹 Step 2 — Format Disk (XFS recommended for AlmaLinux) mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb1 (If you prefer EXT4) mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 🔹 Step 3 — Backup Existing Recordings Folder Very important if live server: mv /var/www/recordings /var/www/recordings_backup mkdir /var/www/recordings 🔹 Step 4 — Mount Disk mount /dev/sdb1 /var/www/recordings Check: df -h You should now see 1.8TB mounted there. 🔹 Step 5 — Restore Old Data (If Needed) If you had recordings already: cp -a /var/www/recordings_backup/* /var/www/recordings/ 🔹 Step 6 — Set Correct Permissions (Very Important for Asterisk) chmod -R 755 /var/www/recordings 🔹 Step 7 — Make Mount Permanent (Very Important) Get UUID: blkid /dev/sdb1 Example output: UUID = "abc123-xyz456" Edit fstab: nano /etc/fstab Add: UUID =abc123-xyz456 /var/www/recordings xfs def...

  To transfer a folder without being asked for a password each time with scp , you should set up SSH key-based authentication between your local machine and the remote server. Here’s how 👇 Step 1: Generate SSH Key (on your local machine) type below command  ssh-keygen -t rsa Press Enter for default file location ( ~/.ssh/id_rsa ). If you want, set a passphrase (or leave it empty for no password). Step 2: Copy the Public Key to Remote Server ssh-copy-id root@1 92.168.0.201 or manually: cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh root@ 1 92.1688.0.201 "mkdir -p ~/.ssh && cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys && chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys && chmod 700 ~/.ssh" 👉 Enter the password once here. After this, the key will be stored in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the remote server. Step 3: Test Passwordless Login ssh root@192.168.0.201  If it logs in without asking for a password — you're done.  Step 4: Transfer Folder with scp (No Password Now) scp -r tes...

🖥 How to Format and Mount a New 1TB HDD to /var/www/recordings on Linux If you’ve added a new HDD to your Linux server and want to use it as a dedicated storage location — for example, to store Asterisk or web server recordings — you’ll need to partition, format, mount, and configure it to auto-mount at boot . In this guide, we’ll walk through the process of wiping the drive (careful — data will be lost!), creating a single ext4 partition , and mounting it permanently. Step 1: Identify Your New Disk Run: lsblk Example output: NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS sda 8 : 0 0 931.5 G 0 disk ├─sda1 8 : 1 0 50 M 0 part ├─sda2 8 : 2 0 540.8 G 0 part └─sda3 8 : 3 0 390.6 G 0 part In our case, /dev/sda is the new 1TB disk. ⚠ Warning: Double-check you’ve picked the right disk! Formatting the wrong one will destroy data. Step 2: Unmount Any Mounted Partitions sudo umount /dev/sda* 2>/dev/null Step 3: Wipe Old Partitions and Create One ...

 To install OpenVPN on AlmaLinux 9.5, you can follow these steps: 1. Update the System : Before installing any software, it's a good idea to update your system: sudo dnf update -y 2. Install EPEL Repository : OpenVPN is available in the EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux) repository. First, install the EPEL repository: sudo dnf install epel-release -y 3. Install OpenVPN : After enabling the EPEL repository, install OpenVPN: sudo dnf install openvpn -y 4. Install NetworkManager (Optional) : If you are using NetworkManager for managing network connections, you can install the OpenVPN plugin for NetworkManager: sudo dnf install NetworkManager-openvpn -y 5. Configure OpenVPN : Once installed, you need to configure OpenVPN by copying your .ovpn configuration file to the /etc/openvpn/ directory: sudo cp /path/to/your/config.ovpn /etc/openvpn/ 6. Start OpenVPN : You can start OpenVPN by specifying the configuration file directly: sudo openvpn --config /etc...

 Windows 10 Printer sharing  ❌ Operation failed with error 0x0000011b is a known Windows update security issue that started appearing around late 2021 when Microsoft disabled remote printing over SMB by default to fix a security vulnerability (PrintNightmare). Permanent Fix for Error 0x0000011b (April 2025 working method) You need to add a registry key on the printer host PC (192.168.0.100) to disable RPC encryption enforcement : 🔧 Step 1: Add Registry Entry on Host PC Save this as fix_0x0000011b.reg on 192.168.0.100 (printer host): reg Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Print] "RpcAuthnLevelPrivacyEnabled"=dword:00000000 Save as .reg file Right-click > Merge Restart the PC ✅ Or Run this Command in CMD (on Host PC) cmd reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Print" /v RpcAuthnLevelPrivacyEnabled /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f Then reboot. 🔧 Optional: Full Batch Script to Fix 0...

I am going to provide step by step guide to integrate, enable and configure the viciphone(a webrtc phone) in vicidial (also applicable to any vicidial based system) using the Self Signed SSL Certificate ,ie without a public-ip and FQDN or accessing the vicidial with internal LAN IP. 1️⃣ Install OpenSSL (if not installed) sudo dnf install -y openssl 2️⃣ Generate a Private Key openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out selfsigned.key -pkeyopt rsa_keygen_bits:2048 3️⃣ Create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) openssl req -new -key selfsigned.key -out selfsigned.csr It will prompt you for details like: Country Name (e.g., IN ) State or Province (e.g., Gujarat ) Locality (City) Organization Name Common Name (Domain, e.g., example.com or your server IP) Email Address You can use localhost or an IP address if needed. 4️⃣ Generate a Self-Signed Certificate openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in selfsigned.csr -signkey selfsigned.key -out selfsigned.crt -days 365 → Valid for 1 year (Adjust as needed) ...

GSWAN STATIC ROUTE ADD  sudo ip route add 10.0.0.0/8 via 10.0.XX.XXX(STATIC IP ADDRESS OF SEVER) dev enpXXX Replace enpXXX with your NIC name #GSWAN route @reboot sleep 10 && /usr/sbin/ip route add 10.0.0.0/8 via 10.0.XX.XXX(STATIC IP ADDRESS OF SEVER) dev enpXXX Replace enpXXX with your NIC name

 Install the No-IP client (Dynamic Update Client) on AlmaLinux 9 1. Install Required Packages First, install the necessary packages to compile the client from source. sudo dnf install gcc make wget tar 2. Download the No-IP DUC (Dynamic Update Client) Download the latest version of the No-IP DUC. cd /opt wget https://www.noip.com/client/linux/noip-duc-linux.tar.gz 3. Extract the Downloaded File Extract the downloaded tarball. tar -zxvf noip-duc-linux.tar.gz cd noip-2.1.9-1/ 4. Compile the Client Run the following commands to compile the client. sudo make install 5. Configure the No-IP Client After installation, you’ll be prompted to enter your No-IP account credentials (email and password) and choose the hostname(s) to update. If not, you can manually run the configuration: sudo /usr/local/bin/noip2 -C 6. Start the No-IP Client To start the client: sudo /usr/local/bin/noip2 7. Verify Installation To confirm that the No-IP DUC is running, use: sudo /usr/local/bin/noip2 -S 8. Set Up...

  [from-trunk] ; Try to capture DID if provided directly exten => _X.,1,NoOp(Incoming call with DID: ${EXTEN} and Caller ID: ${CALLERID(num)})  same => n,Set(realDID=${EXTEN})  same => n,Set(CALLERID_INFO=${CALLERID(num)})  same => n,NoOp(Direct DID: ${realDID}, Caller ID: ${CALLERID_INFO})  same => n,Dial(SIP/GATEWAY/${EXTEN})  same => n,Hangup() ; Fallback if no DID is provided (calls to 's' extension) exten => s,1,NoOp(Fallback - No DID provided, attempting header extraction)  same => n,Set(CALLERID_INFO=${CALLERID(num)})  ; Extract the DID from the To header and strip any additional information  same => n,Set(PJSIP_HEADER=${SIP_HEADER(To)})  same => n,Set(realDID=${CUT(CUT(PJSIP_HEADER,@,1),:,2)})  same => n,ExecIf($["${realDID}" = ""]?Set(realDID=UNKNOWN))  same => n,NoOp(Extracted DID: ${realDID}, Caller ID: ${CALLERID_INFO})  same => n,Dial(SIP/GATEWAY/${realDID})  same =...